Conscious AI and NLP Laboratory

Buddhist cognitive philosophy provides a structured account of human thought process through the Five Stages of Mind Enlightenment realized in data, knowledge, consciousness (Sati), awareness (Sampajañña), and enlightenment. These higher stages clarify the essential cognitive functions missing in current AI. Sati represents the ability to recognize what one knows, as when a person is immediately aware that a fact is stored in memory. Sampajañña represents the ability to access and apply that knowledge appropriately, as in deliberate retrieval of a learned rule for reasoning. AI systems lack both capacities, functioning solely through intuitive pattern generation.

Natural Language Processing (NLP) and text mining technologies serve as foundational tools in enabling AI to support human intellectual activity and foster social innovation. In an age of overwhelming information, these methods help extract essential concepts and uncover semantic relationships, guiding users toward relevant knowledge and insights. While current AI systems lack true consciousness or self-awareness, emerging approaches attempt to simulate elements of intentionality and emotional recognition. NLP allows machines to interpret the nuances of human communication—such as sentiment, intent, and context—bringing us closer to AI that not only processes information but responds in a way that appears thoughtful or empathetic. These developments represent a step toward building AI that better understands and aligns with human values—fueling innovation aimed at creating more sustainable, inclusive societies.

We conduct research in but not limited to

• Understanding media content, intent, and emotions through the analysis of human intellectual activities and conversations.  

• Prediction of human intellectual activities and communications, leading to social innovation.  

• Knowledge representation, intellectual activities, and language comprehension.  

• Innovation through interdisciplinary synergy and integrity.

• Exploring Beyond Intelligence with Conscious AI toward the Buddhist AI

https://www.virach.com

https://babyai.org

［Keyword］

Conscious AI, NLP, Data and Text Mining, AI Application, Social Innovation

2025    

• Virach Sornlertlamvanich. Enhancing Large Language Models: Alleviating Knowledge Deficiency with External Knowledge and Semantically Aware Reasoning (SAR). Knowledge and Information Systems, Springer Nature, pp. 1–19, 2025, doi: 10.1007/s10115-025-02485-4.

• Yuichi Tanigawa, Virach Sornlertlamvanich, and Thatsanee Charoenporn. Tourist Spot Recommendation by Clustering Using an SDP-Based Max-Cut, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Knowledge and Smart Technology (KST2025), Bangkok, Thailand, February 26 - March 1, 2025.

• Waranrach Viriyavi, Pipat Khambun, Ponlawat Chophuk, Supawadee Srikamdee, Thatsanee Charoenporn, and Virach Sornlertlamvanich. Improvement of Depression Type Classification by Patient Dialogue Embedding, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Knowledge and Smart Technology (KST2025), Bangkok, Thailand, February 26 - March 1, 2025.

• Ponlawat Chophuk, Pinphong Ruangraweenukit, Waranrach Viriyavi, Thatsanee Charoenporn, and Virach Sornlertlamvanich. Context-Aware Synthetic Data Generation for Object Detection Using Alpha Blend, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Knowledge and Smart Technology (KST2025), Bangkok, Thailand, February 26 - March 1, 2025.

• Takahiro Kubo, Virach SORNLERTLAMVANICH, and Thatsanee CHAROENPORN. Applying Text Classification Techniques for NANDA-Oriented Nursing Diagnoses Based on Assessment Findings, Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XXXVI, Yasushi Kiyoki, Virach Sornlertlamvanich, Marina Tropmann-Frick, Hannu Jaakkola, Naofumi Yoshida, Eds., Vol. 399, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, IOS Press, 2025, pp. 388-400, https://doi.org/10.3233/FAIA241594.

• Waranrach Viriyavit, Somrudee Deepaisarn, Thatsanee Charoenporn, and Virach Sornlertlamvanich. Evaluation of Bed Sensor Panel Positions for Bed Position Classification Toward Fall and Bedsore Prevention, Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XXXVI, Yasushi Kiyoki, Virach Sornlertlamvanich, Marina Tropmann-Frick, Hannu Jaakkola, Naofumi Yoshida, Eds., Vol. 399, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, IOS Press, 2025, pp. 298-309, https://doi.org/10.3233/FAIA241587.

• Virach SORNLERTLAMVANICH, Ryusei Doi, and Thatsanee CHAROENPORN. AI Model Deficiency in Knowledge Insufficiency, Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XXXVI, Yasushi Kiyoki, Virach Sornlertlamvanich, Marina Tropmann-Frick, Hannu Jaakkola, Naofumi Yoshida, Eds., Vol. 399, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, IOS Press, 2025, pp. 19-33, https://doi.org/10.3233/FAIA241572.

• Takahiro Kubo, Virach Sornlertlamvanich, and Thatsanee Charoenporn. Assessment Pattern Mapping in NANDA-I Nursing Diagnoses Framework by BERT Approach, ECTI-CIT Transactions, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 65–74, Jan. 2025.

2024    

• Takahiro Kubo, Thatsanee Charoenporn,  and Virach Sornlertlamvanich. Analysis of Nursing Records Using Text Vectorization Techniques, Proceedings of 2024 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Technology (ISCT), Kuta, Bali, Indonesia, August 13 - 16, 2024, pp. 561-565, doi: 10.1109/ISCT62336.2024.10791266.

• Yang Li, Thatsanee Charoenporn,  and Virach Sornlertlamvanich. Comparative Study of Traditional Machine Learning and Quantum Computing in Natural Language Processing: A Case Study on Sentiment Analysis, Proceedings of 2024 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Technology (ISCT), Kuta, Bali, Indonesia, August 13 - 16, 2024, pp. 269-273, doi: 10.1109/ISCT62336.2024.10791272.

• Midhu Jean Joseph, Virach Sornlertlamvanich, and Thatsanee Charoenporn. Alleviate Child Begging by Background-Aware Image Classification, Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Knowledge and Smart Technology (KST2024), Krabi, Thailand, February 28 - March 2, 2024.

• Naoki Tomizawa, Virach Sornlertlamvanich, and Thatsanee Charoenporn. Machine Learning-Based Classification of Catheter Ablation Site Using Person-Sensitive CARTO Coordinate Data, Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Knowledge and Smart Technology (KST2024), Krabi, Thailand, February 28 - March 2, 2024, pp. 173-177.

• Virach SORNLERTLAMVANICH, Thatsanee CHAROENPORN, and Somrudee DEEPAISARN. Thammasat AI City Distributed Platform: Enhancing Social Distribution and Ambient Lighting, Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XXXV, Marina Tropmann-Frick et al., Eds., Vol. 380, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, IOS Press, 2024, pp. 179-193.

2023    

• Somrudee Deepaisarn, Paphana Yiwsiw, Chanon Tantiwattanapaibul, Suphachok Buaruk, and Virach Sornlertlamvanich, A Data-centric Smart Street Lighting Monitoring and Visualization Platform for Campus Management, JICCE Vol.21 No.3. (September 2023).

• Somrudee Deepaisarn, Sirawit Chokphantavee, Sorawit Chokphantavee, Phuriphan Prathipasen, Suphachok Buaruk, and Virach Sornlertlamvanich, NLP-based Music Processing for Composer Classification, Sci Rep 13, 13228 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40332-0.

• Virach SORNLERTLAMVANICH, Thatsanee CHAROENPORN, and Somrudee DEEPAISARN. Thammasat AI City Distributed Platform and Its Validation in Social Distribution and Ambient Lighting, Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases (EJC2023), Maribor, Slovenia, June 5 - 9, 2023, pp. 239-258.

• Virach Sornlertlamvanich and Sunisa Wittayapanyanon (Saito). Corpus Development for Pronoun Substitute and Address Term Study, Special Session of Language Processing in Data Analytics (LDA2023), Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Business and Industrial Research (ICBIR2023), Bangkok, Thailand, May 18-19, 2023, pp. 620-626.

• Somrudee Deepaisarn, Paphana Yiwsiw, Sirada Chaisawat, Thanakit Lerttomolsakul, Leeyakorn Cheewakriengkrai, Chanon Tantiwattanapaibul, Suphachok Buaruk, and Virach Sornlertlamvanich, Automated Street Light Adjustment System on Campus with AI-Assisted Data Analytics, Sensors 2023, 23(4), 1853. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23041853.

• Virach SORNLERTLAMVANICH, Pawinee IAMTRAKUL, Teerayuth HORANONT, Narit HNOOHOM, Konlakorn WONGPATIKASEREE, Sumeth YUENYONG, Jantima ANGKAPANICHKIT, Suthasinee PIYAPASUNTRA, Prittipoen LOPKERD, Santirak PRASERTSUK, Chawee BUSAYARAT, I-soon RAUNGRATANAAMPORN, Somrudee DEEPAISARN, and Thatsanee CHAROENPORN. Data Analytics and Aggregation Platform for Comprehensive City-Scale AI Modeling, Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XXXIV, Marina Tropmann-Frick et al., Eds., Vol. 364, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, IOS Press, 2023, pp. 92-109, ISBN 978-1-64368-370-6 (print) | 978-1-64368-371-3 (online).

• Hiroki Nomoto, Ryuko Taniguchi, Shiori Nakamura, Yunjin Nam, Sri Budi Lestari, Sunisa Wittayapanyanon (Saito), Virach Sornlertlamvanich, Atsushi Kasuga, Kenji Okano, and Thuzar Hlaing. Pronoun substitute annotation in seven Asian languages, Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meetings of The Association for Natural Language Processing (NLP2023), Okinawa, Japan, March 13-17, 2023, pp. 2242-2247.

2022    

• Virach Sornlertlamvanich, Thatsanee Charoenporn, Shiori Sasaki, and Yasushi Kiyoki. A Framework for Developing Social Awareness of the Effect of Plastic Waste on the Environment, Proceedings of the 13th International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics, Phuket, Thailand, December 12-14, 2022.

• Somrudee Deepaisarn, Angkoon Angkoonsawaengsuk, Charn Arunkit, Chayud Srisumarnk, Krongkan Nimmanwatthana, Nanmanas Linphrachaya, Nattapol Chiewnawintawat, Rinrada Tanthanathewin, Sivakorn Seinglek, Suphachok Buaruk, and Virach Sornlertlamvanich, Camera-Based Log System for Human Physical Distance Tracking in Classroom, Proceedings of APSIPA Annual Summit and Conference, Chiang Mai, Thailand, November 7-10, 2022.

• Somrudee Deepaisarn, Suphachok Buaruk, Sirawit Chokphantavee, Sorawit Chokphantavee, Phuriphan Prathipasen, and Virach Sornlertlamvanich, Visual-based Musical Data Representation for Composer Classification, Proceedings of the 17th International Joint Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing (iSAI-NLP), Chiang Mai, Thailand, November 5-7, 2022, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/iSAI-NLP56921.2022.9960254.

• Somrudee Deepaisarn, Paphana Yiwsiw, Chanon Tantiwattanapaibul, Suphachok Buaruk, and Virach Sornlertlamvanich, Smart Street Light Monitoring and Visualization Platform for Campus Management, Proceedings of the 17th International Joint Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing (iSAI-NLP), Chiang Mai, Thailand, November 5-7, 2022, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/iSAI-NLP56921.2022.9960257.

• Virach Sornlertlamvanich, Kitiya Suriyachay, and Thatsanee Charoenporn. Thai Named Entity Corpus Annotation Scheme and Self Verification by BiLSTM-CNN-CRF. In: Vetulani, Z., Paroubek, P., Kubis, M. (eds) Human Language Technology. Challenges for Computer Science and Linguistics. LTC 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol 13212, 2022, pp.143-160. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05328-3_10.

• Taiki Kimura, Thatsanee Charoenporn, and Virach Sornlertlamvanich. Congestion Monitoring System Using Infrared Sensor, Proceedings of International Electronics Symposium (IES), Surabaya, Indonesia, August 9-11, 2022, pp. 162-165, doi: 10.1109/IES55876.2022.9888509.

• Virach SORNLERTLAMVANICH, Pawinee IAMTRAKUL, Teerayuth HORANONT, Narit HNOOHOM, Konlakorn WONGPATIKASEREE, Sumeth YUENYONG, Jantima ANGKAPANICHKIT, Suthasinee PIYAPASUNTRA, Prittipoen LOPKERD, Santirak PRASERTSUK, Chawee BUSAYARAT, I-soon RAUNGRATANAAMPORN, Somrudee DEEPAISARN, and Thatsanee CHAROENPORN. Data Analytics and Aggregation Platform for Comprehensive City-Scale AI Modeling, Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases (EJC2022), Hamburg, Germany, May 30 - June 3, 2022, pp. 97-112.

• Virach Sornlertlamvanich and Sumeth Yuenyong. Thai Named Entity Recognition using BiLSTM-CNN-CRF enhanced by TCC, Journal of IEEE Access, Vol.10, 2022, pp. 53043-53052, ISSN: 2169-3536, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3175201.

• Virach Sornlertlamvanich, Hiroki Nomoto, Sunisa Wittayapanyanon (Saito), Atsushi Kasuga, Kenji Okano, Wataru Okubo, Yunjin Nam, Yoshimi Miyake, Thuzar Hlaing, Ryuko Taniguchi, and Sri Budi Lestari. Collaborative Collection of Multilingual Pronoun Substitutes and Address Terms, Special Session of Language Processing in Data Analytics (LDA2022), Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Business and Industrial Research (ICBIR2022), Bangkok, Thailand, May 19-20, 2022, pp. 36-40.

• Ryusei Doi, Thatsanee Charoenporn, and Virach Sornlertlamvanich. Automatic Question Generation for Chatbot Development, Special Session of Language Processing in Data Analytics (LDA2022), Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Business and Industrial Research (ICBIR2022), Bangkok, Thailand, May 19-20, 2022, pp. 301-305.

• Ryosuke Yamano, Thatsanee Charoenporn, and Virach Sornlertlamvanich. On-Site Impression Grasping System Using SNS Location Information and Sentiment Analysis, Special Session of Language Processing in Data Analytics (LDA2022), Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Business and Industrial Research (ICBIR2022), Bangkok, Thailand, May 19-20, 2022, pp. 379-383.

• I-soon Raungratanaamporn, Jirawan Klaylee, Sararad Chayaphong, and Virach Sornlertlamvanich. Quantifying Flood Risk and its Exposure Using Catastrophic Model: A Case Study of the Pathumthani Province, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Business and Industrial Research (ICBIR2022), Bangkok, Thailand, May 19-20, 2022, pp. 705-710.

• Sumeth Yuenyong and Virach Sornlertlamvanich. TranSentCut - Transformer Based Thai Sentence Segmentation, Journal of Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology (SJST), 2022.

• Sakada Sao and Virach Sornlertlamvanich. Sliding Window Input on Long Short-Term Memory Networks for Bed Position Classification, Journal of Science & Technology Asia (STA), Vol. 27, No.3, Sep, 2022.

• Jirawan Klaylee, Pawinee Iamtrakul, and Virach Sornlertlamvanich. Identification of Suburban Motorcycle Traffic Accident Hotspots Using GIS-based Spatial Analysis, Proceedings of the 2nd International Civil Engineering and Architecture Conference (CEAC2022), Singapore, March 11-14, 2022.

• 武 賢倖, Thatsanee Charoenporn, and Virach Sornlertlamvanich. 固有表現分析による知識グラフの自動作成, [G23] 知識グラフ・オントロジ活用-①, DEIM2022, 28 February 2022.

• Goragod Pongthanisorn, Waranrach Viriyavit, Thatsanee Charoenporn, and Virach Sornlertlamvanich. Visual Programming for Artificial Intelligent and Robotic Application (VPAR) Framework, Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XXXIII, Marina Tropmann-Frick et al., Eds., Vol. 343, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, IOS Press, 2022, pp. 64-80.

2021    

• Narit Hnoohom, Pitchaya Chotivatunyu, Nagorn Maitrichit, Virach Sornlertlamvanich, Anuchit Jitpattanakul, and Sakorn Mekruksavanich. Weapon Detection Using Faster R-CNN Inception-V2 for a CCTV Surveillance System, Proceedings of the 25th International Computer Science and Engineering Conference (ICSEC), Chiang Rai, Thailand, 18-20 November 2021.

• Narit Hnoohom, Nagorn Maitrichit, Pitchaya Chotivatunyu, Virach Sornlertlamvanich, Anuchit Jitpattanakul, and Sakorn Mekruksavanich. Blister Package Classification Using ResNet-101 for Identification of Medication, Proceedings of the 25th International Computer Science and Engineering Conference (ICSEC), Chiang Rai, Thailand, 18-20 November 2021.

• Xuanzhou Yang and Virach Sornlertlamvanich. Public Perception of COVID-19 Vaccine by Tweet Sentiment Analysis, Proceedings of 2021 International Electronics Symposium (IES), Surabaya, Indonesia, September 29-30, 2021.

• Goragod Pongthanisorn, Waranrach Viriyavit, Thatsanee Charoenporn, and Virach Sornlertlamvanich. Visual Programming for Artificial Intelligent and Robotic Application (VPAR) Framework, Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases (EJC2021), Hamburg, Germany, September 7-9, 2021.

• Kitiya Suriyachay, Thatsanee Charoenporn, Virach Sornlertlamvanich and Natsuda Kaothanthong. Enhancement of Character-Level Representation in Bi-LSTM model for Thai NER, Journal of Science & Technology Asia (STA), Vol.26 No.2 (April-June 2021), 2021, pp. 61-78.

• Shinpei Hagimoto, Takuma Nitta, Ari Yanase, Takafumi Nakanishi, Ryotaro Okada, and Virach Sornlertlamvanich. Knowledge base creation by reliability of coordinates detected from videos for finger character recognition, Proceedings of 19th IADIS International Conference e-Society 2021, March 3-5, 2021.

2020    

• Takuma Nitta, Shinpei Hagimoto, Ari Yanase, Takafumi Nakanishi, Ryotaro Okada, and Virach Sornlertlamvanich. Finger Character Recognition in Sign Language Using Finger Feature Knowledge Base for Similarity Measure, Proceedings of IEEE/IIAI International Congress of Applied Information Technology (IEEE/IIAI AIT 2020), Bali, Indonesia, December 10-20, 2020. (Best Paper Award)

• Rintaro Nakahodo and Virach Sornlertlamvanich. Linguistic Duality, Proceedings of The 5th International Conference on Information Technology (InCIT 2020), Chonburi, Thailand, October 21-22, 2020, pp. 156-161.

• G. Pongthanisorn, W. Viriyavit, T. Prakayapan, S. Deepaisarn, and V. Sornlertlamvanich. ECS: Elderly Care System for Fall and Bedsore Prevention using Non-Constraint Sensor, Proceedings of 2020 International Electronics Symposium (IES), Surabaya, Indonesia, September 29-30, 2020, pp. 60. (Best Paper Award)

• Waranrach Viriyavit and Virach Sornlertlamvanich. Bed Position Classification by a Neural Network and Bayesian Network Using Noninvasive Sensors for Fall Prevention, Journal of Sensors, Volume 2020, Article ID 5689860, Hindawi, January, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5689860, pp. 1-14.

• Waranrach Viriyavit and Virach Sornlertlamvanich. Data Labeling Scheme for Bed Position Classification, Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XXXI, Ajantha Dahanayake et al., Eds., Vol. 321, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, IOS Press, 2020, pp. 222-237.

• Phat Jotikabukkana and Virach Sornlertlamvanich. The Holistic Framework of Using Machine Learning for an Effective Incoming Cyber Threats Detection, Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XXXI, Ajantha Dahanayake et al., Eds., Vol. 321, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, IOS Press, 2020, pp. 363-380.

2019    

• Virach Sornlertlamvanich, Nannam Aksorn, and Thatsanee Charoenporn. Multi-lingual Support in Connective Learning Scheme for Refining and Connecting the Open Educational Videos, Proceedings of the Language Technologies for All (LT4All), UNESCO, France, December 5-6, 2019, pp. 20-22. (poster)

• Thatsanee Charoenporn and Virach Sornlertlamvanich. Improvement of Thai NER and the Corpus, Proceedings of the Language Technologies for All (LT4All), UNESCO, France, December 5-6, 2019, pp. 23-26. (poster)

• Ari Yanase, Virach Sornlertlamvanich, and Thatsanee Charoenporn. Conversational Bot for Eyesight Testing Automation, LT4ALL, UNESCO, France, December 5-6, 2019. (poster)

• Kitiya Suriyachay, Thatsanee Charoenporn and Virach Sornlertlamvanich. Thai Named Entity Tagged Corpus Annotation Scheme and Self Verification, Proceedings of the 9th Language & Technology Conference (LTC2019), May 17-19, 2019, Poznań, Poland, pp. 131-137. (Best Student Paper Award, Certificate)